Pilling is the formation of small balls of fibre on the surface of a fabric. It happens when loose fibres tangle through rubbing and wear.

Why fabric pills

• Short fibres that work loose easily.
• Loosely spun or low-twist yarns.
• Friction at underarms, sides and cuffs.
• Blends of fibres with different strengths.

A simple home check

Rub two areas of the same fabric together with moderate pressure for a short, consistent time. Compare the surface with an untouched area. More fuzz or small balls suggests higher risk.

Compare swatches

Test swatches from different suppliers in the same way. Keep pressure and duration consistent so the comparison is fair.

Formal tests exist

Laboratories use standard methods and grading scales for pilling. If you buy in volume, ask whether the supplier has a recent test report for the fabric.

Pilling after washing

Wash a sample several times and check again. Some fabrics look fine new but pill after laundering.

Reduce the risk

Choose better-spun yarns, avoid rough washing and turn garments inside out before laundering.

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